Observe. Integrate. Design

Module 11 / 25

Trees, Forests, Plants, and Cultivated Ecologies

Burgundy amaranth and yellow flowers in a diverse garden.

Topics

  • Architecture, growth, and function of trees; placement and role of forests
  • Guilds and polyculture
  • Agroforestry, tree crops, multifunctional hedgerows, and orchard design
  • Plant selection and identification; life strategies, succession, and niches
  • Plant physiology and propagation
  • Design and establishment of vegetable gardens and edible landscapes
  • Season extension: Cloches, hoop houses, greenhouses, and other techniques
  • Integrated Pest Management
  • Seed saving and exchange

What you’ll learn

Learning goals

  • Understand forest succession, plant layers, and diversity within the forest
  • Basic botany; identify types of plants and understand their roles
  • Propagate four different types of plants
  • Understand polycultures and the niches of plants
  • Design a small food garden
  • Knowledge of decision-making tools to work with pest challenges

Read, watch & explore

Getting the books · access & editions

Use your own copy, buy the book, or borrow it through a library when possible. If you are local to me, contact me about borrowing a copy. You can also contact me for information about digital or other access to assigned readings.

Ask about reading access ↗

If your edition uses different page numbers, contact me and we can match the correct section. Contact instructor.

Forest relationships and succession

Book reading

Edible Forest Gardens, Volume 1

Dave Jacke and Eric Toensmeier

Chapter 4 — niches, relationships, and guild logic

Pages 239 to 243: succession (Chapter 6)

Pages 285 to 287: succession (Chapter 6)

Book access & editions

Book reading

Practical Permaculture

Jessi Bloom and Dave Boehnlein

Pages 247 to 249: propagation methods

Book access & editions

Watch

Permaculture Design for Food Video

YouTube

Watch on YouTube

If the player does not load, use the source link.

Watch

Agroforestry Video

YouTube

Watch on YouTube

If the player does not load, use the source link.

Watch

Alley Cropping Video

YouTube

Watch on YouTube

If the player does not load, use the source link.

Watch

New Forest Farm Video

YouTube

Watch on YouTube

If the player does not load, use the source link.

Watch

Season Extension Techniques - OSU Extension webinar

extension.oregonstate.edu

Open resource

Watch

Season Extension Video

YouTube

Watch on YouTube

If the player does not load, use the source link.

Propagation, plant care, and identification

Use the propagation, Hardy Kiwi, season-extension, and integrated-pest-management resources in this module.

Read

Propagation by Cuttings, Layering and Division - Virginia Tech Extension

Virginia Cooperative Extension

Open resource

Watch

Plant physiology and propagation Video

YouTube

Watch on YouTube

If the player does not load, use the source link.

Read

Integrated Pest Management - Virginia Cooperative Extension

Virginia Cooperative Extension

Open resource

Watch

Integrated Pest Management Video

YouTube

Watch on YouTube

If the player does not load, use the source link.

Watch

Permaculture guilds part 1 - companion planting on steroids

YouTube

Watch on YouTube

If the player does not load, use the source link.

Watch

Polycultures and Guilds - Episode 1 - Apples -n- more!

YouTube

Watch on YouTube

If the player does not load, use the source link.

Watch

Hardy Kiwi - Easy Propagation Technique

YouTube

Watch on YouTube

If the player does not load, use the source link.

Watch

How To Identify Wild Plants - A Guide To Botanical Terms

YouTube

Watch on YouTube

If the player does not load, use the source link.

Propagate and save seed

For seed harvesting and storage, use Seed Savers Exchange’s seed-saving guide and the short PBS Wisconsin seed-saving demonstration with Kent Whealy.

“Four different types of plants” means four plant kinds, not four propagation methods. A suitable method may be repeated. Keep a single four-entry record with the plant, method, date, conditions, and observed result. Plant growth may extend beyond the study period; record progress so far. Include seed saving in one of your four plant records where appropriate by recording how mature seed is collected, dried or otherwise stored for that species, labelled, and shared.

Choose plants for your site

For the 10–20-plant selection exercise, use niche fit, future shade, and management needs to select plants. Check local restrictions, spread, toxicity, and pollination needs before implementation.

Book reading

Edible Forest Gardens, Volume 2

Dave Jacke and Eric Toensmeier

Appendices — references for niche fit and plant selection

Book access & editions

Exercise & discussion

Exercise and discussion: Choose four different types of plants and propagate each using an appropriate method. Record what you did and what happened.

Exercise: After discussing it with me, review this Plants spreadsheet and identify 10-20 plants that would work at your design site. Choose plants that complement each other (i.e. make sure there are nitrogen fixers, food plants, ground covers, different sizes, shapes, and rooting patterns, etc.).

Consider moisture, sun, and other needs, as well as what stage in the implementation process they would be planted (i.e. should some be planted only once soil fertility and organic matter is better?).

Discussion: Placing wild forests at high elevations starting with pioneers and doing speedy/instant succession.

What to prepare

  • Your four-entry propagation record: plant, method, date, conditions, and results so far, including seed-saving details where appropriate.
  • Your 10–20-plant selection list or spreadsheet, with each plant’s role, site needs, and proposed planting stage.
  • Notes for the forest-placement and succession discussion.

Save written notes as a document or PDF. For paper maps or handwritten notes, use a clear photo or scan. You can combine related work in one file.

Share & discuss

Attach your propagation record, plant-selection list or spreadsheet, and succession notes.

Email the address listed under “Get In Touch” on my contact page. Do not use the contact form. Include the Permaculture Design Course, Module 11, and “Propagation and plant selection” in your subject or message.

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Optional quick check

Select your answers, then submit to see your score and explanations. You can retry. Results are not sent or stored.

1. How should you choose a propagation method?
2. Why check seed maturity separately from eating ripeness?
3. What should guide a plant combination?

Readings & resources

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