Read the landscape

Module 03 / 25

The Local
Ecosystem

Get to know the place where the design comes about

Your design begins with getting to know a place: what grows there, how water and energy move through it, and how its living and non-living parts relate. The ecology readings introduce ways to understand those relationships, while the site-analysis material helps you distinguish what you observe from how you interpret it.

You’ll then take a map onto your chosen site and work through eight observation lenses based on the Scale of Permanence. These observations become the starting material for your design, which you’ll develop and revisit as the course adds new ways of looking at the site.

Topics

  • Observation skills
  • Principles of ecology
  • Reading the landscape
Orchard plantings meet a woodland edge, with paths and mulched beds between young trees.
Observation skills · Principles of ecology · Reading the landscape

What you’ll learn

Learning goals

  • Get to know the place where the design comes about
  • Describe the flow of energy through the system, the cycling of materials within it, and the feedback loops that integrate it

Read, watch & explore

Getting the books · access & editions

Use your own copy, buy the book, or borrow it through a library when possible. If you are local to me, contact me about borrowing a copy. You can also contact me for information about digital or other access to assigned readings.

If your edition uses different page numbers, contact me and we can match the correct section.

For articles, excerpts, videos, and other resources, use the links in the lesson. If a video player does not load, try its source link. If you cannot access a reading or media resource, or it has no link, contact me with the module number and resource title.

Ask about books, readings or media access ↗

Ecology, observation, and energy flow

Book reading · EFG 1

Edible Forest Gardens, Volume 1

Dave Jacke and Eric Toensmeier

Pages 69 to 109: The local ecosystem

Pages 142 to 146: Food webs and energy flow

For the energy-flow learning goal, consult the reading on food webs and energy flow.

Book access & editions

Book reading · EFG 2

Edible Forest Gardens, Volume 2

Dave Jacke and Eric Toensmeier

Pages 182 to 188: starting at “SITE ANALYSIS AND ASSESSMENT”

Use this reading to separate observations from interpretations.

Book access & editions

Read · Course file

Ecological principles basic concepts

Ecological principles basic concepts (45-54).pdf

Use this excerpt alongside the food-web reading to connect ecological concepts with the energy flows and material cycles you will look for on your site.

Read the ecology excerpt
Forest-soil section showing decaying wood, deep and thin organic layers, mineral soil, coarse fragments, and bedrock. Open full-size image
Variation beneath the forest floor

Forest soils vary with the depth of organic material, decaying wood, and underlying rock. Use these visible differences to make more specific notes about the ground beneath the vegetation.

Source: R. J. Stathers et al., Regenerating British Columbia’s Forests, “Ecological Principles: Basic Concepts,” Figure 5.3, Page 50.

Prepare to observe your site

Watch · YouTube

Site Analysis Intro Video

Oregon State University · Introduction to Permaculture

Use this introduction to support your site observations. It is also used in Module 6.

Player not loading? Watch on YouTube

Read the video transcript (PDF)

Watch & read · Lesson

Permaculture Site Analysis: From Macro to Micro

Oregon State University

Explore site analysis from the wider landscape to the details of a site. Includes a transcript.

Open the lesson & transcript

Keep observations with your map

On your site map, distinguish something you observed from something you inferred. Include an example of an input, a material cycle, and an output. Revisit uncertain observations when conditions change. Keep these notes with your map.

Diverse garden plantings, flowers, and an access path: details to notice when reading a landscape.

Field exercise

Eight lenses on your site

Choose an area where you will do your design if site-based and acquire a site map. Google satellite view is handy for this. Ask me and I can help you get this by printing it out or by tracing it from a computer screen. Walk around your chosen area with the site map and observe the site through 8 different lenses based on these aspects of the Scale of Permanence:

Ask me for help with your site map

  1. Landform: where does the land slope? Where are the high and low points? Mark with arrows on the map.

  2. Water (in general): Where does water pool? Where is there potential for water capture? Where are water access points (taps, rain barrels, ponds).

  3. Access and circulation (paths, roads)

  4. Microclimate (south and north slopes, wind protected areas, areas by bodies of water, areas in front of rock cliffs, etc.)

  5. Buildings and infrastructure

  6. Zones of use

  7. Soil (fertility and management) - where is the best soil? Where is the soil poor? What is the soil organic matter like? Are there soil aggregates? How deep is the topsoil?

  8. Aesthetics - Where are the best views? Where are the undesirable views?

Slender moss stalks with reddish capsules rise above a cushion of green moss.
Moss seen at ground level: small structures become visible when you slow down and look closely.Photo: Stefanie Leuker, “Mossy Forest Floor” · CC0 1.0. View larger image

What to prepare

  • Your site map annotated using the eight lenses above.
  • Your observation notes, including the observed/inferred distinction and examples of an input, a material cycle, and an output from the lesson.

Save written notes as a document or PDF. For paper maps or handwritten notes, use a clear photo or scan. You can combine related work in one file.

Your continuing design project

Sketch on the map, prepare your notes, and share them with me.

Keep these notes with your map.

Share & discuss

Send your site observations

Attach your annotated site map and observation notes.

Email the address listed under “Get In Touch” on my contact page. Do not use the contact form. Include the Permaculture Design Course, Module 3, and “Site observations” in your subject or message.

Find my email address ↗

Readings & resources

Module 22: Land-access guidance

Return to the course outline